The largest singletons in weighted set partitions and its applications
Yidong Sun, Yanjie Xu
Abstract
Recently, Deutsch and Elizalde studied the largest fixed points of
permutations. Motivated by their work, we consider the analogous
problems in weighted set partitions. Let
An,k(t) denote the total
weight of partitions on [n+1]={1,2, ...,
n+1} with the largest singleton
{k+1}. In this paper, explicit formulas for
An,k(t) and many
combinatorial identities involving
An,k(t) are obtained by
umbral operators and combinatorial methods. In particular, the
permutation case leads to an identity related to tree enumerations,
namely, eqnarray*
∑k=0n(n choose k)Dk+1(n+1)n-k
= nn+1,
where Dk is the number of
permutations of [k] with no fixed points.
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